Glosary*

Mere: Is a syncategorematic expression used to emphasize that something is not large or important. It informs us about attitudes, not facts.

Scientific: Is an expert who studies or works in one of the sciences. Relating to science, or using the organized methods of science. This condemns the confusion of technical jargon and empirical trappings either whatever 'real' science is.

Meaning: The meaning of something is what it expresses or represents. The word meaning locates a task without telling us how to go about its study.

Linguistics: It is the systematic study of the structure and development of language in general or of particular languages.

Legitimate data: Is the real information.

Method: A particular way of doing something.

Evidence: One or more reasons for believing that something is or is not true.

Mentalism: of or relating to any school of psychology or psychiatry that in contrast to behaviorism values subjective data in the study and explanation of behavior.

Fasible goals: An aim or desired result possible to do easily or conveniently.

Behaviorism: Is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. According to behaviorism, behavior can be studied in a systematic and observable manner with no consideration of internal mental states.

Monistic: Is a view that there is only one kind of ultimate substance.

Dualistic: Is a view of human beings as constituted of two irreducible elements (as matter and spirit).

Ethnography: The study and systematic recording of human cultures.

Anthropology: The study of the human race, its culture and society and its physical development.

Postulates: To suggest a theory, idea, etc. as a basic principle from which a further idea is formed or developed.

Postulation method: Is a method of clarifying and simplifying the whole process of argumentation.

Form: To make something begin to exist.

Morpheme: It is the smallest bit of language that has its own meaning, either a word or a part of a word, a single unit of language which has meaning and can be spoken or written.

Assumption: It is something that you accept as true without question or proof.

Phonemes: Any of the abstract units of the phonetic system of a language that correspond to a set of similar speech sounds which are perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language.

Alternation: Usually a slight change, in the appearance, character or structure of something.

Historical linguistics: It is the branch of linguistics that focuses on the interconnections between different languages in the world and/or their historical development.

Literary standard: It is accessible through general or personal educational effort, transcends geographic and social barriers, and is used on occasions described as formal.

Provincial standard: It is observed among those remote geographically from the formative environments of cultural centers.

Colloquial standard: It is observed in situations lacking formal behaviors among observably privileged classes within a larger speech meaning.

Local dialect: Is that of an interacting group with which others have so little contact that dialect speakers are incomprehensible without considerable attention. The occasions od difference are time, plus geographic and/or educational isolation.

Palatalization: During the production of a consonant, the tongue and lips take up, as far as compatible with the main features of the phoneme.

Velarization: When the tongue is retracted as for a back vowel.

Contrasts: An obvious difference between two or more things.

Reference: It is something that refers as an allusion, as something that refers a reader or consulter to another source of information; as a consultation of sources of information.

Sense: A meaning conveyed or intended. Denotation: A direct specific meaning as distinct from an implied or associated idea.

Connotations: it is a feeling or idea that is suggested by a particular word although it need not be a part of the word's meaning, or something suggested by an object or situation.

Situation: The set of things that are happening and the conditions that exist at a particular time and place the economic/political situation.

Syntax: The grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence.

Ethnocentric: Believing that the people, customs and traditions of your own race or nationality are better than those of other races.

Exocentric: Two or more parts of a phrase that are different parts of speech and, when combined, form another part of speech which is different from all of the parts.

Structure: The aggregate of elements of an entity in their relationships to each other.

Pattern: An artistic, musical, literary, or mechanical design or form.

Design: It is an underlying scheme that governs functioning, developing, or unfolding.

A priori: Stipulating or proclaiming beforehand something, deduction.

A posteriori: Induction of certain information.

 

Structural description: Description based in the structure of something.

Form-classes: Group of words distinguished by common inflections, such as the weak verbs of English.

 

Lexicon: The vocabulary of a language, an individual speaker or group of speakers, or a subject.

Cultural borrowing: Is to take ideas, customs, and social behaviors from another culture or civilization.